November 16th

Second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus published.

President George W. Bush nominated Condoleezza Rice to replace Colin Powell as secretary of state.

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone released. The film version of the popular book by the same name written by author J. K. Rowling starred Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter and followed Potter's first year at Hogwarts, a school for magic.

Estonians declare sovereignty from USSR. Estonians issued the Estonian Sovereignty Declaration as part of the Singing Revolution. The Declaration declared Estonian sovereignty from the Soviet Union and declared Estonian laws paramount over Soviet laws. The day is now celebrated as the Day of Declaration of Sovereignty.

Space Shuttle Columbia completes its 1st operational flight.

President Nixon signed the bill authorizing the construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline.

Soviets launch Venera 3. Part of the Venera program, it was the first space probe to land on another planet - Venus. Unfortunately, due to technical issues, it was not able to send any data back to Earth. The first space probe to send data from another planet to Earth was Venera 7.

Operation Magic Carpet - 1st plane from Yemen carrying Jews to Israel.

Founding of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization).

Warsaw ghetto sealed. The largest Jewish ghetto in Nazi-occupied Poland, the Warsaw ghetto, was created in October 1940 by a German decree. According to the decree, all Jews in the city had to move to the ghetto, which was closed off by a 10 feet wall and had soldiers and police guarding it from the outside 24 hours a day. The ghetto was the scene of one of the largest Jewish uprisings during the Second World War in 1943.

The United States and the Soviet Union established diplomatic relations.

Oklahoma became the 46th state.

General Sherman and his troops began their "March to the sea" during the Civil War.

British troops capture Fort Washington during American Revolution.

Francisco Pizarro captures Incan Emperor Atahualpa after victory at Cajamarca.