November 19th

Amazon.com Inc. introduced the Kindle, an electronic book-reading device.

The Wii, the Nintendo Co.'s game console, first went on sale.

Barry Bonds of the San Francisco Giants became the first baseball player to win four Most Valuable Player awards.

Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr laid out his evidence against President Bill Clinton during a daylong appearance before the House Judiciary Committee.

The pop duo Milli Vanilli was stripped of its Grammy Award after it was revealed that neither performer sang on the group's records.

President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev met for the first time as they began a summit in Geneva.

Egyptian President Anwar Sadat became the first Arab leader to visit Israel.

Apollo 12 astronauts Charles 'Pete' Conrad and Alan Bean made man's second landing on the moon.

Ford Motor Co. announced it was halting production of the unpopular Edsel.

Janowska camp uprising. The concentration camp in occupied Poland was set up in 1941. In November 1943, in anticipation of the advancement of Soviet troops, the Nazis tried to evacuate the camp and used the inmates to remove traces of executions and mass killings in the past. On this day, the inmates staged an uprising and attempted to escape. Most escapees, however, were recaptured and killed.

Operation Uranus: Soviet offensive begins during Battle of Stalingrad, 1 million Soviet soldiers encircle the German Sixth Army.

The Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles.

Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was born in Allahabad.

Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the national cemetery on the Civil War battlefield of Gettysburg, Pa.

James A. Garfield, the 20th president of the United States, was born in Orange, Ohio.

Lewis & Clark expedition reaches the Pacific Ocean, first European Americans to cross the west.

John Jay and Lord Grenville signed Jay's Treaty.

A masked man held prisoner in the Bastille in Paris died. His true identity was the cause of much intrigue, and his story became the basis of literary works by François Voltaire and Alexandre Dumas.

Mayflower reaches Cape Cod & explores the coast.

The Recess document resulting from the Diet of Augsburg signed by Charles V and catholic princes.